Electrochemical oxidation is considered a robust technology and is easy to use, for those reasons, it has been used for a diversity of wastewater treatments. The main advantages of this technology over other conventional treatments are as follows: the main reagent is the electron; many processes occur in the electrochemical cell; the addition of chemicals is not required; and the process is carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ozone is a powerful oxidant produced in gas phase, and by means of a diffuser, a mass transfer occurs to aqueous solution. A main advantage of ozone is that it oxidizes organic compounds without producing residual sludge. However, it was found that some compounds are ozone-resistant such as iopamidol, sucralose and atrazine-desethyl. [More]

Electrochemical oxidation is considered a robust technology and is easy to use, for those reasons, it has been used for a diversity of wastewater treatments. The main advantages of this technology over other conventional treatments are as follows: the main reagent is the electron; many processes occur in the electrochemical cell; the addition of chemicals is not required; and the process is carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ozone is a powerful oxidant produced in gas phase, and by means of a diffuser, a mass transfer occurs to aqueous solution. A main advantage of ozone is that it oxidizes organic compounds without producing residual sludge. However, it was found that some compounds are ozone-resistant such as iopamidol, sucralose and atrazine-desethyl. [More]

Electrocoagulation consists of pairs of metal sheets called electrodes, that are arranged in pairs of twoanodes and cathodes. Using the principles water is reduced (gains electrons), thereby making the wastewater better treated. When the cathode electrode makes contact with the wastewater, the metal is emitted into the apparatus of electrochemistry, the cathode is oxidized (loses electrons), while the When this happens, the particulates are neutralized by the formation of hydroxide complexes for the purpose of forming agglomerates. These agglomerates begin to form at the bottom of the tank and can be siphen out through filtration. However, when one considers an electro coagulation-flotation apparatus, the particulates would instead float to the top of the tank by means of formed hydrogen bubbles that are created from the anode. The floated particulates can be skimmed from the top of the tank. [More]

When this happens, the particulates are neutralized by the formation of hydroxide complexes for the purpose of forming agglomerates. These agglomerates begin to form at the bottom of the tank and can be siphen out through filtration. However, when one considers an electro coagulation-flotation apparatus, the particulates would instead float to the top of the tank by means of formed hydrogen bubbles that are created from the anode. The floated particulates can be skimmed from the top of the tank. To consider how effective the ECF reactor can be, one must consider the following inputs or variableswastewater type, pH, current density, type of metal electrodes (aluminum, steel, iron), number of electrodes, size of electrodes, and configuration of metals. These variables would affect the overall treatment time, kinetics, and also the removal efficiency measured. [More]

Electrocoagulation-flotation is an alternative method to classic chemical coagulation for many reasons. ECF is capable of reducing the need for chemicals due to the fact that the electrodes provide the coagulant. However, many individuals still use chemical coagulants to attempt to enhance treatment. Traditionally, chemical coagulation involves the use of alum (aluminum sulfate), ferric chloride (FeCl3), or ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) which can be very expensive depending on the volume of water treated. When applying the coagulant, the coagulant performs a similar function as the electrodes, neutralizing the charge of the particulates, thereby allow them to agglomerate and settle at the bottom of the tank. In addition, electrocoagulation-flotation is capable of reducing waste production from wastewater treatment and also reduces the time necessary for treatment. [More]

Electrolyitc Effluent Treatment Plant and Electrolytic Sewage Treatment Plant systems make all the industries to enhance its category to Zero Liquid Discharge. Plant [More]

This category of waste includes those that are persistent, resist treatment, or interfere with the operation of waste treatment facilities. Non-biodegradable organic or inorganic materials are the chief sources of wastes, which contain colour, metals, phenols, certain surfactants, toxic organic compounds, pesticides and phosphates. The chief sources are: Colour & metal  dyeing operation Phosphates  preparatory processes and dyeing Non-biodegradable organic materials  surfactants Since these types of textile wastes are difficult to treat, the identification and elimination of their sources are the best possible ways to tackle the problem. Some of the methods of prevention are chemical or process substitution, process control and optimization, recycle/reuse and better work practices. [More]

This category of waste includes those that are persistent, resist treatment, or interfere with the operation of waste treatment facilities. Non-biodegradable organic or inorganic materials are the chief sources of wastes, which contain colour, metals, phenols, certain surfactants, toxic organic compounds, pesticides and phosphates. The chief sources are: Colour & metal  dyeing operation Phosphates  preparatory processes and dyeing Non-biodegradable organic materials  surfactants Since these types of textile wastes are difficult to treat, the identification and elimination of their sources are the best possible ways to tackle the problem. Some of the methods of prevention are chemical or process substitution, process control and optimization, recycle/reuse and better work practices. [More]

Construction and operating costs of sewage treatment plants can be reduced up to ... vious requirements such as electrochemical oxidation, electro-coagulation ... integrated and hybrid treatment systems based on these technologies ... the pollutants, electro-coagulation treatment processes can be used .. [More]

wastewater treatment; electrocoagulation; electrooxidation; combined ... or by flotation based on the formation of hydrogen gas at the cathode as. per unit volume of treated wastewater is reduced [More]