Tiaano’s Electrolytic Effluent Treatment Plant (e-ETP) and Electrolytic Sewage Treatment Plant (e-STP) are the waste water treatment system. [More]

Dispersible wastes Highly dispersed or mixed with other wastes: Waste water Hard-To-Treat Wastes Resist treatment Contain non biodegradable or inorganic Cannot be removed by biological processes High- Volume Wastes High-volume wastes in textiles include wash water, alkaline wastes, warp sizes Hazardous or Toxic Wastes Subgroup of hard-to-treat wastes. Metals, chlorinated solvents, non degradable surfactants Dispersible wastes Highly dispersed or mixed with other wastes: Waste water Hard-To-Treat Wastes Resist treatment Contain non biodegradable or inorganic Cannot be removed by biological processes High- Volume Wastes High-volume wastes in textiles include wash water, alkaline wastes, warp sizes Hazardous or Toxic Wastes Subgroup of hard-to-treat wastes. Metals, chlorinated solvents, non degradable surfactants 6 General Waste Categorization [More]

Dispersible wastes Highly dispersed or mixed with other wastes: Waste water Hard-To-Treat Wastes Resist treatment Contain non biodegradable or inorganic Cannot be removed by biological processes High- Volume Wastes High-volume wastes in textiles include wash water, alkaline wastes, warp sizes Hazardous or Toxic Wastes Subgroup of hard-to-treat wastes. Metals, chlorinated solvents, non degradable surfactants Dispersible wastes Highly dispersed or mixed with other wastes: Waste water Hard-To-Treat Wastes Resist treatment Contain non biodegradable or inorganic Cannot be removed by biological processes High- Volume Wastes High-volume wastes in textiles include wash water, alkaline wastes, warp sizes Hazardous or Toxic Wastes Subgroup of hard-to-treat wastes. Metals, chlorinated solvents, non degradable surfactants 6 General Waste Categorization [More]

detailed experimental data are provided from a batch reactor system removing suspended solids together with a mathematical analysis based on the 'white water' model for the dissolved air flotation process. Current density is identified as the key operational parameter influencing which pollutant removal mechanism dominates. The conclusion is drawn that electrocoagulation has a future as a decentralised water treatment technology [More]

detailed experimental data are provided from a batch reactor system removing suspended solids together with a mathematical analysis based on the 'white water' model for the dissolved air flotation process. Current density is identified as the key operational parameter influencing which pollutant removal mechanism dominates. The conclusion is drawn that electrocoagulation has a future as a decentralised water treatment technology [More]

Electrochemical techniques use one of the cleanest reagents: “the electron.” Thus, since the main reactive used in the oxidation process is green, this becomes sustainable. Oxidation of the organic compounds could occur at the interface of the anode/aqueous solution or in solution via intermediates. Electrochemical oxidation consists in the application of an external source of energy into an electrochemical cell that contains one or more pairs of electrodes. At the cathode, a reduction reaction occurs and the oxidation reactions takes places at the anode. The use of boron diamond doped anodes (BDD) allows the generation of HO• radicals, which reacts with organic compounds. [More]

Electrocoagulation-electroflotation (ECF) technology is a treatment process of applying electrical current to treat and flocculate contaminants without having to add coagulations. Shammas et al. stated that coagulation occurs with the current being applied, capable of removing small particles since direct current applied, setting them into motion. Also electrocoagulation could reduce residue for waste production [1]. Electrocoagulation consists of pairs of metal sheets called electrodes, that are arranged in pairs of twoanodes and cathodes. Using the principles of electrochemistry, the cathode is oxidized (loses electrons), while the water is reduced (gains electrons), thereby making the wastewater better treated. When the cathode electrode makes contact with the wastewater, the metal is emitted into the apparatus.When this happens, the particulates are neutralized by the formation of hydroxide complexes for the purpose of forming agglomerates. These agglomerates begin to form at the bottom of the tank and can be siphen out through filtration. However, when one considers an electro coagulation-flotation apparatus, the particulates would instead float to the top of the tank by means of formed hydrogen bubbles that are created from the anode. The floated particulates can be skimmed from the top of the tank. To consider how effective the ECF reactor can be, one must consider the following inputs or variableswastewater type, pH, current density, type of metal electrodes (aluminum, steel, iron), number of electrodes, size of electrodes, and configuration of metals. These variables would affect the overall treatment time, kinetics, and also the removal efficiency measured. Electrocoagulation-flotation is an alternative method to classic chemical coagulation for many reasons. ECF is capable of reducing the need for chemicals due to the fact that the electrodes provide the coagulant. However, many individuals still use chemical coagulants to attempt to enhance treatment. Traditionally, chemical coagulation involves the use of alum (aluminum sulfate), ferric chloride (FeCl3), or ferrous sulfate (Fe2SO4) which can be very expensive depending on the volume of water treated. When applying the coagulant, the coagulant performs a similar function as the electrodes, neutralizing the charge of the particulates, thereby allow them to agglomerate and settle at the bottom of the tank. In addition, electrocoagulation-flotation is capable of reducing waste production from wastewater treatment and also reduces the time necessary for treatment. [More]

Electrocoagulation consists of pairs of metal sheets called electrodes, that are arranged in pairs of twoanodes and cathodes. Using the principles water is reduced (gains electrons), thereby making the wastewater better treated. When the cathode electrode makes contact with the wastewater, the metal is emitted into the apparatus of electrochemistry, the cathode is oxidized (loses electrons), while the When this happens, the particulates are neutralized by the formation of hydroxide complexes for the purpose of forming agglomerates. These agglomerates begin to form at the bottom of the tank and can be siphen out through filtration. However, when one considers an electro coagulation-flotation apparatus, the particulates would instead float to the top of the tank by means of formed hydrogen bubbles that are created from the anode. The floated particulates can be skimmed from the top of the tank. [More]

Electrocoagulation-electroflotation (ECF) technology is a treatment process of applying electrical current to treat and flocculate contaminants without having to add coagulations. Shammas et al. stated that coagulation occurs with the current being applied, capable of removing small particles since direct current applied, setting them into motion. Also electrocoagulation could reduce residue for waste production [More]

Our aim is to adopt technologies giving minimum or zero environmental pollution. Effluents treatment plants are the most widely accepted approaches towards achieving environmental safety. But, unfortunately, no single treatment methodology is suitable or universally adoptable for any kind of effluent treatment. For instance, in the past, biological treatment systems had been used extensively but they are not efficient for the colour removal of the more resistant dyes [2]. Therefore, the treatment of waste stream is done by various methods, which include physical, chemical and biological treatment depending on pollution load. The treatment processes may be categorized into preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment process [More]