June 17, 2020 19:19 by
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OILY EFFLUENT
Oily water is a generic term used to describe all water which contains varying amounts of oils and greases in addition to a variety of other materials in suspension. These can include sand, clay and other materials, along with a range of dissolved colloidal substances, such as detergents, salts, metal ions, etc. To meet environmental standards for disposal and/or the characteristics necessary for reuse, the treatment of oily water can be complex, dependent on highly efficient processes.
In the petroleum industry, oily water occurs in the stages of production, transportation and refining, as well as during the use of derivatives. However, the production phase is the largest source of this pollution. During the production process, oil is commonly extracted along with water and gas. The associated water can reach 50% of the volume produced, or even approaching 100% at the end of the productive life of wells. The discharge or reinjection of this co-produced water is only permitted after removal of oil and suspended solids to acceptable levels.
The terms "produced water," "petroleum water", "formation water" and "oily water" are used to refer to the water extracted along with oil.
The composition of this produced water is very complex. Depending on its origin it can contain a wide variety of chemicals such as organic salts, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, oils and greases, metals, and occasionally radioactive materials. A striking feature of the water coming from offshore oil is its high salinity, which expressed as chloride ions (Cl-) can reach 120 g/L