Electro coagulation-electro floatation (ECF) technology is a treatment process of applying electrical current to treat and flocculate contaminants without having to add coagulations. It occurs with the current being applied, capable of removing small particles since direct current applied, setting them into motion. Also electro coagulation could reduce residue for waste production. Electro Coagulation Reactor (ECR) consists of electrodes, which is arranged in anode & cathode. Using the principles of electrochemistry, the cathode is oxidized (loses electrons), while the water is reduced (gains electrons), thereby making the wastewater better treated. [More]

Electro coagulation-electro floatation (ECF) technology is a treatment process of applying electrical current to treat and flocculate contaminants without having to add coagulations. It occurs with the current being applied, capable of removing small particles since direct current applied, setting them into motion. Also electro coagulation could reduce residue for waste production. Electro Coagulation Reactor (ECR) consists of electrodes, which is arranged in anode & cathode. Using the principles of electrochemistry, the cathode is oxidized (loses electrons), while the water is reduced (gains electrons), thereby making the wastewater better treated. [More]

Electro coagulation-electro floatation (ECF) technology is a treatment process of applying electrical current to treat and flocculate contaminants without having to add coagulations. It occurs with the current being applied, capable of removing small particles since direct current applied, setting them into motion. Also electro coagulation could reduce residue for waste production. Electro Coagulation Reactor (ECR) consists of electrodes, which is arranged in anode & cathode. Using the principles of electrochemistry, the cathode is oxidized (loses electrons), while the water is reduced (gains electrons), thereby making the wastewater better treated. [More]

Electrochemical oxidation is considered a robust technology and is easy to use, for those reasons, it has been used for a diversity of wastewater treatments. The main advantages of this technology over other conventional treatments are as follows: the main reagent is the electron; many processes occur in the electrochemical cell; the addition of chemicals is not required; and the process is carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ozone is a powerful oxidant produced in gas phase, and by means of a diffuser, a mass transfer occurs to aqueous solution. A main advantage of ozone is that it oxidizes organic compounds without producing residual sludge. However, it was found that some compounds are ozone-resistant such as iopamidol, sucralose and atrazine-desethyl. [More]

Electrochemical oxidation is considered a robust technology and is easy to use, for those reasons, it has been used for a diversity of wastewater treatments. The main advantages of this technology over other conventional treatments are as follows: the main reagent is the electron; many processes occur in the electrochemical cell; the addition of chemicals is not required; and the process is carried out at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Ozone is a powerful oxidant produced in gas phase, and by means of a diffuser, a mass transfer occurs to aqueous solution. A main advantage of ozone is that it oxidizes organic compounds without producing residual sludge. However, it was found that some compounds are ozone-resistant such as iopamidol, sucralose and atrazine-desethyl. [More]

Electrocoagulation-electroflotation (ECF) technology is a treatment process of applying electrical current to treat and flocculate contaminants without having to add coagulations. Shammas et al. stated that coagulation occurs with the current being applied, capable of removing small particles since direct current applied, setting them into motion. Also electrocoagulation could reduce residue for waste production [More]

When this happens, the particulates are neutralized by the formation of hydroxide complexes for the purpose of forming agglomerates. These agglomerates begin to form at the bottom of the tank and can be siphen out through filtration. However, when one considers an electro coagulation-flotation apparatus, the particulates would instead float to the top of the tank by means of formed hydrogen bubbles that are created from the anode. The floated particulates can be skimmed from the top of the tank. To consider how effective the ECF reactor can be, one must consider the following inputs or variableswastewater type, pH, current density, type of metal electrodes (aluminum, steel, iron), number of electrodes, size of electrodes, and configuration of metals. These variables would affect the overall treatment time, kinetics, and also the removal efficiency measured. [More]

COD and color removal of 61.6% and 98.4%, respectively, were capable of treating bio-digester effluent within an electrocoagulator. This was a result of a bio-digester plant followed by two-stage aerobic treatment. When considering a second-order regression model for this phenomenapH, current density, inter-electrode distance, and electrolysis time as parameters, the model concluded an r2 value of 0.9144 for COD and 0.7650 for color [15]. By producing a mathematical model, Canizares et al. determined that electrocoagulation can treat kaolin suspension by determining the total aluminum concentration and pH, along with reactivity and pollutant concentration. [More]

There is a description of our work in the treatment of wastewater using an ozonation-electrooxidation combined process. The main parameters to control for having a successful application of such method are discussed. Several examples for different kinds of polluted water are addressed. [More]

Our aim is to adopt technologies giving minimum or zero environmental pollution. Effluents treatment plants are the most widely accepted approaches towards achieving environmental safety. But, unfortunately, no single treatment methodology is suitable or universally adoptable for any kind of effluent treatment. For instance, in the past, biological treatment systems had been used extensively but they are not efficient for the colour removal of the more resistant dyes [2]. Therefore, the treatment of waste stream is done by various methods, which include physical, chemical and biological treatment depending on pollution load. The treatment processes may be categorized into preliminary, primary, secondary and tertiary treatment process [More]